In the context of music, what does the term 'fugue' refer to?

The term 'fugue' specifically refers to a form of contrapuntal composition in which a main theme, known as the subject, is introduced by one voice and then systematically imitated by other voices in succession. This intricate musical form involves interweaving melodies and harmonies, showcasing the composer’s ability to develop themes while maintaining independence of voice parts.

Fugues are characterized by their structural complexity and intellectual rigor, often featuring episodes that vary the initial theme and develop it through different harmonic and rhythmic approaches. This form is often associated with composers like Johann Sebastian Bach, who elevated the fugue to new heights of artistic achievement.

Other answers refer to different concepts in music but do not capture the essence of what a fugue is. For instance, a narrative structure might relate to storytelling elements in music, while improvisational styles suggest a free-form approach contrary to the structured nature of a fugue. Rhythmical frameworks pertain to the organization of beats and tempo rather than the thematic development characteristic of fugues. Thus, understanding that a fugue is a specialized form of contrapuntal composition is essential to grasping its significance in music theory and practice.