What does the term doloroso mean in musical expression?

The term "doloroso" in musical expression denotes a sense of sadness or sorrow. It is derived from the Italian word "dolore," which translates to "pain" or "sorrow." When a piece is marked doloroso, it indicates that the performer should convey a deep emotional weight, often evoking feelings of melancholy or reflective sadness. This allows the music to resonate with the listener on a profound emotional level. In contrast, terms such as "joyfully," "boldly," and "calmly" suggest more upbeat or neutral moods, which do not align with the emotional gravity that "doloroso" implies.