What term describes a chord that precedes a modulation and is common to both the original key and the new key?

The term for a chord that precedes a modulation and is common to both the original key and the new key is known as a pivot chord. This chord serves as a seamless connection between the two tonal areas, allowing the music to bridge from one key to another smoothly.

In harmonic practice, the pivot chord is typically a diatonic chord that can function in both keys. By establishing a chord that the listener can recognize in both tonal contexts, the composer facilitates a clear transition into the new key. This technique is essential for creating cohesive and fluid modulations in music composition, especially in classical styles.

Understanding how pivot chords operate is crucial for grasping key changes, especially in pieces that move from one key center to another, enhancing one's ability to analyze and appreciate musical structures.